Which group shows increased incidence of venous diseases due to hormonal fluctuations?

• A. Males
• B. Children
• C. Pregnant females
• D. Older adults

Answer: (C)

Pregnant females are known to have an increased incidence of venous diseases, primarily due to hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy. The body undergoes significant changes, including increased levels of progesterone, which can lead to the relaxation of the venous walls and valvular incompetence. Additionally, as the uterus expands, it can exert pressure on the pelvic veins, further compromising venous return from the lower extremities and contributing to conditions such as varicose veins and venous thrombosis. These hormonal and physical changes create an environment where pregnant individuals are more susceptible to venous issues compared to other groups.

In contrast, males, children, and older adults experience different factors that may influence venous disease, but none have the specific hormonal fluctuations associated with pregnancy that heighten the risk of venous diseases in the same way.